The finite element method (FEM) is used for finding approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral equations such as the heat transport equation. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the differential equation completely (steady state problems), or rendering the PDE into an approximating system of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved using standard techniques such as Euler's method, Runge-Kutta, etc.
In solving partial differential equations, the primary challenge is to create an equation that approximates the equation to be studied, but is numerically stable, meaning that errors in the input data and intermediate calculations do not accumulate and cause the resulting output to be meaningless. There are many ways of doing this, all with advantages and disadvantages. The Finite Element Method is a good choice for solving partial differential equations over complex domains (like cars and oil pipelines), when the domain changes (as during a solid state reaction with a moving boundary), when the desired precision varies over the entire domain, or when the solution lacks smoothness. For instance, in simulating the weather pattern on Earth, it is more important to have accurate predictions over land than over the wide-open sea, a demand that is achievable using the finite element method.
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis. It uses a numerical technique called the finite element method (FEM). There are many finite element software packages, both free and proprietary.Development of the finite element method in structural mechanics is usually based on an energy principle such as the virtual work principle or the minimum total potential energy principle
These are the basic Definitions what you can see in wikipedia, If you would like to know more about FEM and How it is used in FEA. I have uploaded Book which discusses about FEM in detail. Also I have uploaded some of the books related to Mechanical Engineering and don't forget to take a look at that..
List of Mechanical Engineering Books:
* Mechanical Engineering Terms - Dictionary
* Vector Mechanics - Work-out Problems
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